The team tasked with designing the first underground railway under the heart of Australia’s fastest-growing city knew it would be a delicate task, fraught with infrastructural peril. Tunneling several stories under Brisbane’s teeming metropolis, constructing expansive subterranean stations—what could go wrong? With the scheduled completion less than two years away, it’s clear

With the most obvious solution ruled out, ProRail decided to analyze its capacity problem from a different vantage point. To do this, it built a virtual representation of its current network—an increasingly popular tool known as a digital twin. Used to replicate both natural and built environments, digital twins modernize